TFT acts synergistically against HSV with other compounds such as docetaxel, 4 docosanol, 24 and interferon alpha, 25 whereas GCV acts synergistically with cyclocytidine. TFT and GCV are synergistic against acyclovir-susceptible HSV-1 at concentrations significantly less toxic than if each antiviral were used as a sole agent. The FIC value for TFT and GCV combined against the acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 strain was 0.84, indicating nonantagonism. For acyclovir-susceptible HSV-1 strains, TFT and GCV combined generated a FIC index of <0.5, suggesting strong synergism between the two drugs.
For 8 of 12 HSV-1 strains, the IC 50 of TFT and GCV combined was lower than the CC 50 of either drug. TFT and GCV combined (10:1) were 10 times more potent against all acyclovir-susceptible HSV-1 strains.
Concentrations of TFT or GCV resulting in 50% cell cytotoxicity (CC 50) were 0.99 ± 0.01 and 92.91 ± 8.92 μM, respectively. IC 50 values of TFT and GCV against the acyclovir-resistant strain were 15.40 ± 3.17 and 93.00 ± 9.64 μM, respectively. Synergism was determined by calculating fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC indices) based on PFU reduction.Ĭoncentrations of TFT resulting in 50% inhibition of PFUs (IC 50) of acyclovir-susceptible HSV-1 strains ranged from 3.07 ± 0.36 to 12.52 ± 0.61 μM. Cellular toxicity was assessed with an MTT dye reduction assay. TFT and GCV activity against 12 strains of HSV-1 (including an acyclovir-resistant strain) was measured by plaque-forming unit (PFU) inhibition. To determine whether trifluorothymidine (TFT) and ganciclovir (GCV) are synergistic against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1).
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